WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA
WOMEN IN INDIA: The Indian sociological set up has been traditionally a male
dominatedone. Women are considered as weaker sex and always to depend on men folk in their family and outside, throughout their life. They are left with lesser commitments and kept as a dormant force for a quite long time. The Indian culture made them only subordinates and executors of the decisions made by other male members,in the basic family structure.
The traditional set up is changing in the modern era. The
transformation of social fabric of the Indian society, in terms of increased educational
status of women and varied aspirations for better living, necessitated a change in the life style
of Indian women.
Indian families do have the privilege of being envied by the
westerners, since women here are taking more responsibilities in bringing up children
and maintaining a better home with love and affection. At the family level, the task of
coordinating various activities in a much effective manner, without feeling the pinch of
inconveniences, is being carried out by the women folk.
Thus, the Indian women have basic characters in themselves in the present sociological and cultural setup as follows.
Indian women are considered as Sakthi, which means source of power.
Effectively coordinating the available factors and resources.
Efficient execution of decisions imposed on them
Clear vision and ambition on the improvement of family and children.
Patience and bearing the sufferings on behalf of others and
Ability to work physically more at any age.
NEED OF THE HOUR: Women sector occupies nearly 45% of the Indian population.
The literary and educational status of women improved considerably during the past
few decades. More and more higher educational and research institutions are imparting
knowledge and specialisation. At this juncture, effective steps are needed to provide
entrepreneurial awareness, orientation and skill development programmes to women.
The institutions available at present are very limited. Moreover, their functions and
opportunities available with them are not popularised much.
QUALITIES REQUIRED FOR AN ENTREPRENEUR: An effective entrepreneur requires certain
basic qualities, which can be listed as follows.
Innovative thinking and farsightedness.
Quick and effective decision making skill.
Ability to mobilise and marshal resources.
Strong determination and self confidence.
Preparedness to take risks.
Accepting changes in right time.
Access and alertness to latest scientific and technological information.
Matching the basic qualities required for entrepreneurs and the basic characters of Indian women, reveal that, much potential is available among the Indian women on their entrepreneurial ability. This potential is to be recognized, brought out
and exposed for utilisation in productive and service sectors for the development of the nation.
ACTION PLAN : Proper planning and execution are required at all levels. Proper
training in right direction is to be planned meticulously.
The steps to be taken can be listed as follows:
-- identifying women with different literary levels in proper groups and to create
awareness about entrepreneurship and its importance as job providing avenues
rather than job seeking ventures.
-- skills to be provided to selected women group are to be identified.
-- making them to realise the income generation and social status and
recognition
-- giving orientation and skill training on selected trades on their choice and suitability.
-- assisting them in preparation of project reports for their own proposed units
and helping them to follow up the venture to start the new enterprise.
-- providing consultancy and guidance, continuously.
A training capsule of around 15 days may be provided by expert institutions, voluntary
agencies and Govt.departments.The financial resources are to be mobilised to provide this type of programmes, by the government organizations like banks, public sector organizations and voluntary agencies..
The higher education institutions, which are spreading throughout the country, may conduct programmes like this,regularly,in addition to their academic programmes,with or
without govt.aid.Young graduates of that area and the final year students of U.G/P.G courses may also be provided with such training.Normally,infrastructures are available with such institutions. Getting expertise and mobilizing other requirements will also be easier for
such institutions, since they are already having good establishment facilities.
Voluntary agencies like Rotary clubs, Lions clubs, and etc.Govt. sponsored institutions like UGC, Science and technology Councils may interact with the colleges/universities, through financial assistance, to carry out the programmes.
With proper financial assistance and effectively using them, each college/university may train 300 to 1000 youths, in the area of entrepreneurship development. When women are going to be the target groups, the benefit will reach a larger section of the society.
Thus ED culture is to be developed gradually among the women, in addition to providing educational facilities to use the vibrant women force in right direction. Thus programmes combining, technical skill and entrepreneurship skill, to selected groups, will make the Indian women more self reliant and confident and would lead them to be envied by people at the international level.
TRAINING COMPONENTS : Even though there are very efficient institutions at the national level,likeEDIAhmadabad,NSTED BOARD,NewDelhi,NISIE,Hyderabad and at State level,CED in Madurai and Chennai,TANSTIA in Chennai,such programmes are to be conducted at regional level, at the residential area of the women, in their vernacular language and to the specific requirement of the people of that area.
The essential components of such training may be listed as follows.
Awareness, career building and attitudinal change towards enterprise formation.
Effective training on building up self-confidence and communication skills.
Skill training on specific trades suitable to their option.
Training on quick and effective decision making techniques and managerial skills.
Training on marketing strategies.
Training on effective financial management.
Training on project formulation and implementation.
Scope for increasing access to new technologies and scientific knowledge.
Information on persons/offices to be contacted.
Interaction with successful entrepreneurs for sharing their experiences
Training in such areas are not going to have much financial burden to the govt., when compared to other developmental projects. This type of programmes can be conducted in all the parts of the country. A consistent and continuous effort in this project will add more dimensions Indian women and their empowerment. and to the economic development of the nation as a whole.
6
APPENDEX-1
Suggested list of appropriate areas suitable to Indian women entrepreneurs:
- Food products manufacturing
-Food processing and preservation.
-Catering services and fast food centres.
-Interior decoration.
-DTP and Book binding.
-Maintenance of Dairy, Poultry and their products.
-Maintenance of house-hold appliances.
- Stationeries retailing.
- Manufacturing of note books and pads.
- Packing & packaging
-Diagnostic lab & pathology clinics.
- Communication centers with telecom, fax, browsing,
and Xeroxing facilities.
-Readymade garments, embroidering and fashion designing.
-Retail selling through different methods.
-Art and painting works on commercial decorations.
-Hiring of warehouses and godowns.
-Floral decorations.
-Jewellary
-Beauty centers
-Running old-age homes
And so on.
The list is only suggestive and not conclusive.
7 APPENDIX-2
STEPS FOR STARTING SMALL-SCALE INDUSTRIES.
Steps to be taken Agency to be contacted
1. Product selection and preparation of District Industries Centres/Small
Project report. Industries service Institutes/Tech-
nical consultancy agencies,like,CECRI,
at Karaikudi, for specialised products.
2. Obtaining provisional or permanent District Industries centre/Department
registration of Industries and commerce.
3. For obtaining developed plots for District Industries centers.
construction of a factory for obtaining
sheds in Industrial Estates
on ownership/rental basis
4. If agricultural land is to be used Small Scale Industries Development
for industrial purpose Corporation and permission from
Thasildar, to conclude lease deed.
5. Obtaining licenses for the plan,etc. Respective Corporation/Municipality/
Punchait, where the unit is to be set up
6. No objection certificate from pollution Respective State pollution control Boards.
Control board
7. Registration under the Factories Act Chief Inspector of factories and Boilers.
8. Finance Commercial banks/Industrial co-op.banks. . State finance Corporations-for term loans
9. Registration for sales tax State Commercial Tax Office
10. Water supply Water supply and sewage Board.
11. Power connection State Electricity Board
12. Processing controlled raw material Joint Director(SSI)
8
13. For imported raw materials/machinery The Joint Chief Controller of imports and
components and exports
14. Obtaining machinery on hire purchase National Small Industries corporation
(NSIC)-Regional offices.
15. Foreign collaboration The Foreign Investment Promotion Board,
Ministry of Industrial Development,
Govt. of India.
16. ISI Certificate Bureau of Indian Standards Institution,
New Delhi.
17. Patent Right The Controller of Patent and Designs.
18. Registration of Trade Marks Registrar of Trade Marks.
19. Marketing Assistance
a) Internal Marketing Respective State Small Industries
Marketing corporations
. b) Export Marketing Export Promotion Council/Cells;
Trade Development Authority; State
Trading corporation; Export credit
Guarantee Corporation and Export
Inspection Agency.
20. Testing, Training and other extension Small Industries Service Institutes and
facilities Regional Testing Laboratories.
21. Product development Assistance Project and product development centers
References : .1. Lalitha Iyer : Women entrepreneurs-Challenges And Strategies
Frederic exert sifting (FES), New Delhi.1991.
2 .M.Soundarapandian: Women Entrepreneurship—Issues and
Strategies. Edited volume.
Kanishka Publishers, New Delhi.1999.
3. S.S.Khanka : Entrepreneurial Development
S.Chand & Co. New Delhi.1999.
4. Phamphlets from Small Industries Service Institute, Chennai. 2004.
5. Phamphlets from CANARA BANK-Circle office, Madurai 2004.
WOMEN IN INDIA: The Indian sociological set up has been traditionally a male dominated
one. Women are considered as weaker sex and always to depend on men folk in their family and
outside, throughout their life. They are left with lesser commitments and kept as a dormant force
for a quite long time. The Indian culture made them only subordinates and executors of the
decisions made by other male members,in the basic family structure.
The traditional set up is changing in the modern era. The
transformation of social fabric of the Indian society, in terms of increased educational
status of women and varied aspirations for better living, necessitated a change in the life style
of Indian women.
Indian families do have the privilege of being envied by the
westerners, since women here are taking more responsibilities in bringing up children
and maintaining a better home with love and affection. At the family level, the task of
coordinating various activities in a much effective manner, without feeling the pinch of
inconveniences, is being carried out by the women folk.
Thus, the Indian women have basic characters in themselves in the present sociological and cultural setup as follows.
Indian women are considered as Sakthi, which means source of power.
Effectively coordinating the available factors and resources.
Efficient execution of decisions imposed on them
Clear vision and ambition on the improvement of family and children.
Patience and bearing the sufferings on behalf of others and
Ability to work physically more at any age.
2
NEED OF THE HOUR: Women sector occupies nearly 45% of the Indian population.
The literary and educational status of women improved considerably during the past
few decades. More and more higher educational and research institutions are imparting
knowledge and specialisation. At this juncture, effective steps are needed to provide
entrepreneurial awareness, orientation and skill development programmes to women.
The institutions available at present are very limited. Moreover, their functions and
opportunities available with them are not popularised much.
QUALITIES REQUIRED FOR AN ENTREPRENEUR: An effective entrepreneur requires certain
basic qualities, which can be listed as follows.
Innovative thinking and farsightedness.
Quick and effective decision making skill.
Ability to mobilise and marshal resources.
Strong determination and self confidence.
Preparedness to take risks.
Accepting changes in right time.
Access and alertness to latest scientific and technological information.
Matching the basic qualities required for entrepreneurs and the basic
characters of Indian women, reveal that, much potential is available among the Indian women
on their entrepreneurial ability. This potential is to be recognized, brought out
and exposed for utilisation in productive and service sectors for the development of the nation.
3
ACTION PLAN : Proper planning and execution are required at all levels. Proper
training in right direction is to be planned meticulously.
The steps to be taken can be listed as follows:
--identifying women with different literary levels in proper groups and to create
awareness about entrepreneurship and its importance as job providing avenues
rather than job seeking ventures.
-- skills to be provided to selected women group are to be identified.
-- making them to realise the income generation and social status and
recognition
-- giving orientation and skill training on selected trades on their choice and
suitability
-- assisting them in preparation of project reports for their own proposed units
and helping them to follow up the venture to start the new enterprise.
-- providing consultancy and guidance, continuously.
A training capsule of around 15 days may be provided by expert institutions, voluntary
agencies and Govt.departments.The financial resources are to be mobilised to provide this type
of programmes, by the government organizations like banks, public sector organizations and
voluntary agencies..
4
The higher education institutions, which are spreading throughout the country, may
conduct programmes like this,regularly,in addition to their academic programmes,with or
without govt.aid.Young graduates of that area and the final year students of U.G/P.G courses
may also be provided with such training.Normally,infrastructures are available with such
institutions. Getting expertise and mobilizing other requirements will also be easier for
such institutions, since they are already having good establishment facilities.
Voluntary agencies like Rotary clubs, Lions clubs, and etc.Govt. sponsored institutions like
UGC, Science and technology Councils may interact with the colleges/universities, through
financial assistance, to carry out the programmes.
With proper financial assistance and effectively using them, each college/university may train 300 to 1000 youths, in the area of entrepreneurship development. When women are going to be the target groups, the benefit will reach a larger section of the society.
Thus ED culture is to be developed gradually among the women, in addition to providing educational facilities to use the vibrant women force in right direction. Thus programmes combining, technical skill and entrepreneurship skill, to selected groups, will make the Indian women more self reliant and confident and would lead them to be envied by people at the international level.
TRAINING COMPONENTS : Even though there are very efficient institutions at the national level,likeEDIAhmadabad,NSTED BOARD,NewDelhi,NISIE,Hyderabad and at State level,CED in Madurai and Chennai,TANSTIA in Chennai,such programmes are to be conducted at regional level, at the residential area of the women, in their vernacular language and to the specific requirement of the people of that area.
5
The essential components of such training may be listed as follows.
Awareness, career building and attitudinal change towards enterprise formation.
Effective training on building up self-confidence and communication skills.
Skill training on specific trades suitable to their option.
Training on quick and effective decision making techniques and managerial skills.
Training on marketing strategies.
Training on effective financial management.
Training on project formulation and implementation.
Scope for increasing access to new technologies and scientific knowledge.
Information on persons/offices to be contacted.
Interaction with successful entrepreneurs for sharing their experiences
Training in such areas are not going to have much financial burden to the govt., when compared to other developmental projects. This type of programmes can be conducted in all the parts of the country. A consistent and continuous effort in this project will add more dimensions Indian women and their empowerment. and to the economic development of the nation as a whole.
6
APPENDEX-1
Suggested list of appropriate areas suitable to Indian women entrepreneurs:
- Food products manufacturing
-Food processing and preservation.
-Catering services and fast food centres.
-Interior decoration.
-DTP and Book binding.
-Maintenance of Dairy, Poultry and their products.
-Maintenance of house-hold appliances.
- Stationeries retailing.
- Manufacturing of note books and pads.
- Packing & packaging
-Diagnostic lab & pathology clinics.
- Communication centers with telecom, fax, browsing,
and Xeroxing facilities.
-Readymade garments, embroidering and fashion designing.
-Retail selling through different methods.
-Art and painting works on commercial decorations.
-Hiring of warehouses and godowns.
-Floral decorations.
-Jewellary
-Beauty centers
-Running old-age homes
And so on.
The list is only suggestive and not conclusive.
7 APPENDIX-2
STEPS FOR STARTING SMALL-SCALE INDUSTRIES.
Steps to be taken Agency to be contacted
1. Product selection and preparation of District Industries Centres/Small
Project report. Industries service Institutes/Tech-
nical consultancy agencies,like,CECRI,
at Karaikudi, for specialised products.
2. Obtaining provisional or permanent District Industries centre/Department
registration of Industries and commerce.
3. For obtaining developed plots for District Industries centers.
construction of a factory for obtaining
sheds in Industrial Estates
on ownership/rental basis
4. If agricultural land is to be used Small Scale Industries Development
for industrial purpose Corporation and permission from
Thasildar, to conclude lease deed.
5. Obtaining licenses for the plan,etc. Respective Corporation/Municipality/
Punchait, where the unit is to be set up
6. No objection certificate from pollution Respective State pollution control Boards.
Control board
7. Registration under the Factories Act Chief Inspector of factories and Boilers.
8. Finance Commercial banks/Industrial co-op.banks. . State finance Corporations-for term loans
9. Registration for sales tax State Commercial Tax Office
10. Water supply Water supply and sewage Board.
About the Author:
Article Source: ArticlesBase.com - WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA